Macron presidency — liberal-progressive Macronism (France)

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Liberal-progressive Macronism — a self-styled "en même temps" centrism combining supply-side reform, European federalist ambition, and selective social liberalism, positioning rhetorically as neither left nor right but empirically centre to centre-right on economics and centre-left on social issues (EU integration, climate rhetoric). Signature content: Ordonnances Travail 2017 (Code du travail liberalisation, company-level bargaining); ISF → IFI wealth-tax narrowing to real estate 2018; PFU flat tax on capital income at 30% from 2018; corporate tax phased 33.3% → 25% by 2022; PACTE law 2019 (business growth, privatisation of ADP authorised but blocked, FDJ privatisation 2019); pension reform 2020 (suspended by COVID) then re-attempted as 2023 reform raising retirement age 62 → 64 (Article 49.3, enacted April 2023 amid mass protests); energy-price shield and "quoi qu'il en coûte" fiscal response to COVID and to the 2022 Ukraine-war energy shock; sustained Ukraine military support, NATO re-engagement, France 2030 industrial-policy envelope (€54bn for green tech, nuclear EPR2 relaunch, semiconductors). Left-right axis: centre with a clear centre-right tilt on fiscal/regulatory content. Popularity: 1st-round 24.0% / 2nd-round 66.1% in 2017 vs Le Pen; 1st-round 27.8% / 2nd-round 58.5% in 2022 vs Le Pen; approval oscillated from ~62% post- election 2017 to ~23% at gilets-jaunes trough (Dec 2018), recovering to ~40% mid-2020, falling again to sub-30% by mid-2023 post-pensions; June 2022 legislative election cost the absolute majority (245/577 seats), and the snap June-July 2024 dissolution following RN EU-election victory produced a hung Assemblée (ENSEMBLE ~166 seats, RN-led bloc ~142, NFP ~180). Coherence judgement: doctrinally consistent supply-side-with- European-solidarity programme whose reform cadence outran its democratic coalition, converting a 2017 realignment mandate into a fragmented minority presidency.