Santos II — Unidad Nacional, FARC peace and OECD convergence (Colombia)

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Liberal-centrist second-term administration combining market-orthodox macro management with a historic political project: concluding the FARC peace negotiation that began in Havana in 2012. Santos's economic doctrine continued the Uribe-era investor-friendly framework — inflation- targeting independent central bank, fiscal rule (Law 1473 of 2011), openness to FDI — while adding a sustainability-tax correction as oil prices collapsed in 2014-2016 (structural tax reform Law 1819 of Dec 2016 broadened VAT from 16% to 19%, introduced corporate-rate unification and anti-evasion measures, and strengthened DIAN). On the political axis the Havana Final Agreement was signed 26 Sep 2016, narrowly rejected by plebiscite 2 Oct 2016 (50.2% No), then renegotiated and ratified by Congress Nov-Dec 2016; Santos received the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize. Parallel tracks: OECD accession roadmap completed with invitation 25 May 2018 (formal accession confirmed 2020), minimum-wage increases above inflation, fuel-price stabilisation fund operation, 4G infrastructure concessions programme, and continued US-FTA implementation. Second-term approval trajectory declined from 50.9% runoff victory (15 Jun 2014, vs Zuluaga) to sub-30% by 2017 as peace fatigue and tax-reform backlash accumulated. Coherence: market-orthodox continuity + peace-dividend institutional project + fiscal-sustainability correction under oil shock.