Durán Ballén PUR — Washington Consensus turn, Cenepa war, Brady Plan

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Centre-right PUR government executing Ecuador's Washington- Consensus turn and exiting the Andean Pact low-integration orbit. Five doctrinal pillars: (a) Plan Macroeconómico / Modernización — Ley de Modernización del Estado (1993) authorised privatisations; CONAM Consejo Nacional de Modernización created; energy, telecoms, water targeted but progress limited by Supreme Court and protests. (b) Brady Plan — Ecuador's Brady Bonds closed February 1995 with ~$7.6B Paris Club + commercial debt restructuring; haircut ~45%; IMF Extended Fund Facility. (c) Cenepa War — late January 1995 territorial clash with Peru in Alto Cenepa; ended with Itamaraty ceasefire 17 February 1995; consolidated Ecuadorian military prestige. (d) Vice-presidential corruption scandal — Dahik fled to Costa Rica October 1995 after Supreme Court ordered his arrest for gastos reservados misuse; Plan Macroeconómico credibility hit. (e) Consulta popular November 1995 — eleven-question referendum on modernisation reforms; all eleven rejected by majorities 57-64% No — direct-democracy repudiation of the programme. Stated school: Washington-Consensus + social-Christian fiscal conservatism. Left-right: economic right. Popularity: July 1992 runoff 57.3% vs Jaime Nebot (PSC) 42.7%; approval briefly boosted by Cenepa victory early 1995 then collapsed under Dahik scandal and consulta defeat; July 1996 runoff PRE's Abdalá Bucaram won 54.5% vs Nebot 45.5%. Coherence: trade gradualism and Andean-Pact model for Brady closure, modernisation framework, and export-oriented opening — delivered on debt and war but consulta popular rejected the broader programme.