Movements · philippines_cory_aquino_transition_1986_1992 Cory Aquino post-EDSA democratic transition (Philippines) PHL · 1986 – 1992· Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino / LABAN-PDP, post-EDSA pluralist
Leaders: Corazon C. Aquino (President 1986-1992) · Jaime Ongpin (Finance Secretary 1986-1987) · Solita Monsod (NEDA Director-General) · Jose B. Fernandez Jr. (Central Bank Governor) · Salvador Laurel (Vice President)
Doctrine — stated goals and content Post-EDSA democratic-restoration centre doctrine combining constitutional restoration with orthodox market-liberalising stabilisation. Economic school: classical-liberal democratic-constitutionalism + IMF-orthodox macro + dismantling of Marcos crony monopolies. Dated policies: Freedom Constitution Mar 1986; 1987 Constitution ratified plebiscite 2 Feb 1987 (76.4% Yes) — restored bicameral Congress, presidential single term, independent institutions; sequestration of crony assets via PCGG (Presidential Commission on Good Government) Mar 1986; Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme (CARP) RA 6657 of 10 Jun 1988 covering ~10M ha over 10 years; privatisation of Marcos-era firms via APT (Asset Privatisation Trust) from 1986; tax reform 1986 simplifying rates, VAT 10% from 1 Jan 1988 (EO 273 of 25 Jul 1987); Brady Plan debt restructuring 1989-1990 (USD4.4bn buyback); coup attempts x7 1986-1989 (most serious Dec 1989) destabilising investment; 1991 Pinatubo eruption; US military bases rejected by Senate 16 Sep 1991. Left-right: centre to centre-right democratic-liberal; socially Catholic conservative. Popularity: Feb 1987 constitutional plebiscite 76.4% Yes; May 1987 congressional election PDP-LABAN/Lakas 24/24 Senate seats, 150/200 House; approval declined from ~80% 1986 to ~30% 1990 amid coup attempts and power crisis. Coherence: moderate — durable constitutional restoration and crony-monopoly dismantlement coexisted with chronic governance instability (coups, power shortages, slow CARP implementation).
Policy-content fingerprint — how the framework codes this movement on its axes ↑
rule of law → institutional.rule_of_law
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
increased · strong
stronger rule of law
1987 Constitution restored rule-of-law institutions post-Marcos; PCGG process formalised.
↑
judicial independence → institutional.judicial_independence
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
increased · strong
stronger judicial independence
Supreme Court restructured under 1987 Constitution; judicial review restored.
↑
product market competition → regulatory.product_market_competition
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
increased · moderate
more competition-friendly (lower entry barriers)
Dismantling of sugar/coconut monopolies; APT privatisation of ~120 Marcos-era sequestered firms.
↓
tax corporate → fiscal.tax_corporate
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
decreased · weak
lower corporate tax burden
Tax reform 1986-1987 simplified schedule and rates, broadened base via VAT.
~
property rights → institutional.property_rights
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
mixed · moderate
CARP agrarian reform compulsory acquisition (negative for large landholders) balanced against strengthened property-rights framework in 1987 Constitution.
↑
trade openness → regulatory.trade_openness
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
increased · weak
more open trade
Import liberalisation programme 1986-1992; tariff peak cuts.
Policies enacted · ph_1987_constitution · ph_pcgg_sequestration_1986 · ph_carp_agrarian_reform_1988 · ph_apt_privatisation_1986 · ph_vat_ra_eo_273_1987 · ph_us_bases_rejection_1991 Schools of thought aligned or opposed References 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines RA 6657 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law 1988 Hill (2003), 'Growth, Recovery and Reform since the Asian Crisis' in Dixon & Drakakis-Smith Notes Deep-history tranche 1. Democratic restoration bookend to Marcos era.
IESET — an empirically-grounded, adversarially-reviewed framework for contemporary economic policy questions. Every hypothesis pre-registered in git before the data is examined.