General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS / Xinnonghe) launched in 2003 under the Hu-Wen leadership, providing voluntary subsidised health insurance to rural residents outside the urban-employee insurance system. Funded via co-payments from individuals and matched central and local subsidies, the scheme reached over 800 million enrolees by the late 2000s and was later integrated with the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.