General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Temporary reduction of the standard German VAT rate from 19% to 16% and reduced rate from 7% to 5% from 1 July to 31 December 2020 as part of the €130bn Konjunkturprogramm. Revenue cost ~€20bn. Empirical studies found pass-through incomplete for standard-rate goods but significant in durables; car-sector pull-forward effects visible in Q3-Q4 2020 sales.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.