Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Private-sector involvement debt exchange completed March-April 2012 — at the time the largest sovereign debt restructuring in history. Eligible bonds c.€206bn (Greek-law and foreign-law) exchanged for a package of 20 new bonds with staggered maturities 2023-2042, EFSF short-dated notes, GDP-linked warrants, and Payment Notes. Nominal haircut 53.5%; NPV haircut c.75%. Greek-law holders bound by retroactive collective-action clauses (Law 4050/2012, 23 February 2012); foreign-law holders exchanged at c.97% take-up over subsequent months. Public-sector official holdings (ECB SMP, ANFA-held national-central-bank holdings) were excluded from the haircut — a decision that became permanently contentious. PSI reduced debt-to-GDP by c.€100bn in principal but the concurrent economic contraction left the ratio higher at end- 2012 than pre-exchange. Executed formally under the Papademos caretaker government (November 2011-May 2012) but its implementation (creditor litigation, post-exchange follow-through) fell to the Samaras coalition and is coded here as Samaras-era policy continuation.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.