General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Pre-election Budget presented 1 October 2024 by Finance Minister Jack Chambers and Public Expenditure Minister Paschal Donohoe. Total package €10.5bn: €1.4bn tax measures + €6.9bn core expenditure + €2.2bn once-off cost-of-living measures. Headline items: Universal Social Charge (USC) 4% band reduced to 3% (benefitting middle-income earners); standard income-tax rate band widened by €2,000 to €44,000; personal, employee and earned-income credits raised by €125; two €125 electricity credits (one before Christmas, one January 2025); double week of social welfare and child-benefit double payment November 2024; €12 increase in weekly welfare rates; national minimum wage rise to €13.50 (Jan 2025); hospitality VAT 9% NOT reinstated (sector lobby defeated). Accompanied by the commencement of the Future Ireland Fund (target €100bn by 2035) and the Infrastructure, Climate and Nature Fund (target €14bn by 2030) seeded from corporation-tax surplus. Fiscal Advisory Council critique: package significantly breached the 5% core-spending rule for a third consecutive year and risked procyclical stimulus at full employment.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.