Trudeau (Pierre) Liberal restoration — NEP, Patriation, Charter

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Interventionist-nationalist Liberal programme after the 1980 defeat of Joe Clark's minority PC government. Three doctrinal pillars: (1) energy economic nationalism — National Energy Program (October 1980) imposed federal pricing, a Petroleum and Gas Revenue Tax, Canadianisation incentives targeting 50% Canadian ownership of oil and gas by 1990, and expanded Petro-Canada; a direct confrontation with Alberta that provoked the 1981 Energy Pricing Agreement after acute Alberta output cuts; (2) constitutional patriation — Constitution Act 1982 (proclaimed 17 April 1982) brought the BNA Act home from Westminster and embedded the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, with the notwithstanding- clause compromise that secured eight provincial premiers' assent (Quebec dissented); (3) stagflation-era macro — MacEachen's November 1981 budget (tax-shelter attack) was withdrawn under business pressure; Six-and-Five wage/price controls programme (June 1982) limited federal compensation and signalled incomes policy; Bank of Canada tracked Volcker with bank rate peaking at 20.78% (August 1981) and the 1981-82 recession was severe (GDP -3.2%, unemployment peak 13% Dec 1982). Stated school: Keynesian-nationalist social liberalism with constitutional-liberal rights charter. Left- right axis: centre-left on economic content (state oil ownership, regional redistribution), liberal-progressive on rights (Charter), centralising on federalism. Popularity / legitimacy: February 1980 election restored majority with 44.3% vote and 147/282 seats; PC dropped to 32.5%. Trudeau announced resignation February 1984; Turner succeeded June 1984 and lost September 1984 landslide to Mulroney (PC won 50% vote, 211 seats). Coherence line: trade market allocation of energy rents and federal-provincial comity for national- champion oil sector + constitutional sovereignty + bilingual institutional settlement.