Koivisto-Sorsa SDP era — consensus corporatism under Finlandisation

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Finnish consensus-corporatist social-democratic era spanning the Kekkonen-to-Koivisto presidential transition. School: Nordic consensus corporatism within the unique constraints of "Finlandisation" — balancing Soviet bilateral clearing trade (~20% of Finnish trade) with Nordic-EFTA integration. Left-right axis: centre-left / social-democratic consensus, with Centre Party and at points SKDL (communists) inside government. Core policy content: (i) Koivisto's 1979 tax-reform bill; (ii) after Kekkonen's October 1981 resignation on health grounds, Koivisto's January 1982 presidential election (43% first round, won 2nd round) marking the first normal political alternation since 1956; (iii) 1984 "markka" 12% devaluation within currency-basket regime; (iv) Sorsa governments maintained incomes-policy "TUPO" central wage agreements; (v) gradual financial liberalisation 1986 — abolition of average-lending-rate regulation and capital-control relaxation that later drove the late-1980s casino-economy boom; (vi) expansion of universal earnings-related pension (TyEL) and daycare rights; (vii) continued USSR clearing-trade relationship (five-year bilateral protocols). Popularity signals: 1979 eduskunta SDP 23.9%; 1983 26.7%; 1987 24.1% — SDP led every parliament in this period; Koivisto's 1982 presidential win a decisive 43% first-round share. Coherence: high — the Koivisto-Sorsa era is the canonical "Finnish consensus" model; its 1986 financial deregulation was the hidden seed of the 1990-1993 depression.