Reformist centre-left PD government elected internally via PD primaries, sworn in at 39 — youngest PM in Italian history. Economic school: centre-left supply-side modernisation ('rottamazione'/scrap-the-old) combining labour-market deregulation with demand-side €80/month IRPEF bonus and targeted tax cuts. Signature policies: Jobs Act (L. 183/2014 delegating law + D.lgs. 23/2015) replacing Art. 18 reinstatement with graduated tutele crescenti indemnity for new hires; 'Bonus 80 euro' monthly transfer to ~10m low-middle earners (May 2014); banking reform converting popolari >€8bn assets into SpA (Jan 2015), Banca Etruria + 3 small banks resolution Nov 2015 (first BRRD bail-in); stability-pact flexibility negotiations with EU Commission; constitutional referendum (Dec 4 2016) reducing Senate powers and regional-concurrent competences — rejected 59.1% NO / 40.9% YES with 65.5% turnout. Renzi resigned within hours. Left-right: centre-left, pro-business modernising. Popularity: PD won 2014 EP election 40.8% (highest ever for Italian centre-left); declined through 2016, referendum defeat catalysed M5S/Lega ascendancy. Coherence: moderately high programmatically but underestimated referendum political risk.
Policy-content fingerprint — how the framework codes this movement on its axes
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.