Fidel Ramos liberal-reformist 'Philippines 2000' doctrine — explicit tiger-economy aspiration, deregulation and privatisation blitz, peace-building with MNLF/MILF/CPP-NPA. Economic school: Washington- Consensus market-liberal modernisation adapted to post-Marcos constitutional constraints; foreign-investment opening; public- enterprise privatisation; telecom and power deregulation. Dated policies: New Central Bank Act (RA 7653) 14 Jun 1993 creating independent Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas; Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Law RA 7718 amendment May 1994 expanding infrastructure BOT scope; telecom demonopolisation — EO 59 (Feb 1993) mandating interconnection ending PLDT monopoly, Public Telecommunications Policy Act RA 7925 (1 Mar 1995); Oil Industry Deregulation Law RA 8180 (Mar 1996, struck down Nov 1997) and RA 8479 successor; Foreign Bank Liberalization Act RA 7721 (1994) allowing 10 new foreign bank branches; AFTA CEPT acceleration; WTO accession 1 Jan 1995; Comprehensive Tax Reform Program 1997; Peace agreement with MNLF (2 Sep 1996 Jakarta); Anti- Money Laundering foundation. Left-right: centre-right liberal- reformist Christian-Democratic coalition. Popularity: May 1992 election Ramos 23.6% seven-way split; approval peak ~70% mid-term; 1995 House/Senate midterms Lakas-NUCD-UMDP supermajority; charter- change (Cha-Cha) push for term extension failed mid-1997; succeeded by Joseph Estrada May 1998. Coherence: high — BOT, telecom, banking, oil, trade and central-banking reforms all pointed the same direction; Asian crisis Jul 1997 interrupted momentum but Philippines relatively mild impact vs Thailand/Indonesia/Korea.
Policy-content fingerprint — how the framework codes this movement on its axes