Break from the import-substituting, statist, multiple-exchange-rate regime that had produced the 1977-1980 balance-of-payments crisis. The 24 January 1980 stabilisation programme — designed by Özal as Demirel's deputy PM and continued under the 1980-1983 military government — unified the exchange rate, liberalised import licensing, and introduced positive real interest rates. From 1983 under ANAP the programme widened: export subsidies and tax rebates, current-account convertibility (1984), capital-account liberalisation (1989 Decree 32), creation of the Istanbul Stock Exchange (1986), VAT introduction (1985), legalisation of interest-free (Islamic) "special finance houses" (1983), and reduction of state-enterprise dominance. Fiscal discipline was weaker than the monetary reforms suggested: populist spending ahead of 1987 and 1991 elections produced recurring inflation (60-70% range) and set up the 1994 crisis under Çiller. Outcome: structural trade orientation shifted from import-substitution to export-led, with exports rising from ~4% of GDP in 1980 to ~14% by 1993.
Policy-content fingerprint — how the framework codes this movement on its axes
Capital account opening 1989 + ISE creation + Islamic banking legalisation. Note axis semantic: '-' = looser regulation, the direction of this movement.