Nguyễn Văn Linh Đổi Mới implementation (Vietnam)

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Đổi Mới (Renovation) implementation under Nguyễn Văn Linh — 6th Party Congress Dec 1986 legitimised household-agriculture + private- enterprise + price-liberalisation package ending central-planning orthodoxy after the 1985 currency reform debacle. Economic school: socialist-market transition via dual-track price reform (Chinese template), market-determined prices for non-strategic goods while retaining state leading role in strategic sectors. Dated policies: Resolution 10 (Khoán 10) 5 Apr 1988 household contract system in agriculture — returning land-use rights to 15-year contracts and de facto decollectivisation; Law on Foreign Investment 29 Dec 1987 (first among reforming socialist states); Law on Private Enterprises Dec 1990; Law on Companies Dec 1990; Ordinance on Economic Contracts 1989; 1989 unification of exchange rate and price liberalisation for most goods; 1989 IMF arrears resolution aborted by Tiananmen conservatism; CMEA collapse 1989-1991 forcing market transition; withdrawal from Cambodia Sep 1989. Left-right: Leninist single-party state executing pragmatic market transition — economic policy centre-right in comparative-transition framing. Popularity: controlled electoral/plebiscitary legitimacy; 6th Congress mandate strong internally; post-CMEA stagflation 1989 dampened momentum. Coherence: high within the constraint of CPV hegemony — agriculture decollectivisation, price liberalisation, FDI law, private-enterprise law all pointed the same direction, reinforced by external shock from CMEA collapse.