Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Benin adopted a new party charter and electoral-code changes that raised organisational and financial requirements for political parties, introduced stricter ballot-access rules, and reshaped legislative competition before the 2019 election. The reforms consolidated the party system on paper but also excluded or deterred major opposition forces from effective participation.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.
Official law texts should be pinned by URL in a later hardening pass; source access for this tranche was weaker than for PAG programme materials.