Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Lord President Tun Mohamed Salleh Abas dismissed 8 Aug 1988 by a tribunal appointed under Article 125 of the Federal Constitution after being suspended 26 May 1988. Five Supreme Court judges suspended 6 Jul 1988, two eventually dismissed, for attempting to hear Salleh's application. Followed Mahathir's June 1988 article in UMNO News criticising judiciary over UMNO-related rulings. Constitutional amendment Mar 1988 had already limited the 'judicial power' clause. Structural break in Malaysian judicial independence.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.