General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act enacted 26 August 2003, effective July 2004. Set binding deficit-reduction path: fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP by March 2008, revenue deficit to zero by March 2009. Prohibited government borrowing from RBI (ending ways-and-means-advances monetisation) except in short-term exceptional circumstances. Required quarterly Medium-term Fiscal Policy Statement and mid-year review. Amended 2012 (UPA-II) to relax targets and 2018 to add debt-to-GDP anchor. First modern rules-based fiscal-framework legislation for India.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.