Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
52nd Constitutional Amendment enacted 15 Feb 1985 added the Tenth Schedule disqualifying legislators who voluntarily leave their party or vote against party direction. Presiding officer decides disqualification. Exceptions: 2/3 split (later raised to merger only in 2003). Aimed to curb 'Aaya Ram Gaya Ram' defection-driven government instability; criticised for strengthening party leadership over individual MPs.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.