Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Renzi government monthly IRPEF bonus of €80/month for employees with gross annual income €8,000-€24,000 (taper to €26,000), introduced via D.L. 66/2014. ~10m beneficiaries, annual fiscal cost ~€10bn. Structured as a non-refundable IRPEF tax credit. Subsequently expanded (2020 to €100/month) and eventually absorbed into the 2022 IRPEF bracket reform under Draghi government.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.