General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Decree-law 201/2011 ('Salva Italia') of 6 December 2011, the foundation measure of the Monti technocratic government three weeks after its installation. ~€30bn fiscal consolidation combining reinstatement of IMU property tax on primary residences, VAT rate increase 21%→23% trigger, Fornero pension reform (minimum retirement age raised to 66-67 with phase-in, indexation frozen for high pensions), luxury taxes on aircraft, boats and high-value cars, and spread measures on bank stamp duties and financial transactions. Combined with structural package 'Cresci Italia' (Jan 2012) for liberalisations.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.