Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
The D'Alema government supported NATO Operation Allied Force against Yugoslavia from March to June 1999, hosting the bulk of allied air operations from Italian bases (Aviano, Gioia del Colle) and contributing combat aircraft, before deploying ground forces to KFOR in Kosovo. As the first major out-of-area NATO combat operation in which Italy played a frontline staging role, participation generated supplementary defence outlays, peace-dividend reversals, and refugee-reception spending in the Apulia region.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.