General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Malawi entered a 48-month IMF Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2023 to anchor macroeconomic stabilisation after balance-of-payments stress, debt distress, weather shocks, and foreign-exchange shortages. The programme sought fiscal consolidation, domestic revenue mobilisation, debt restructuring, reserve rebuilding, and stronger public-financial management, but it was cancelled in 2025 after no programme review was completed.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.
Conflict- and crisis-aware coding: this captures the formal programme and its intended policy content, while the description records that implementation did not reach a completed review before cancellation.