Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
RM332.5bn Belanjawan 2022 — largest in Malaysian history at the time — tabled 29 Oct 2021 by Finance Minister Tengku Zafrul under Ismail Sabri's UMNO-BN caretaker government; ~5.8%-of-GDP deficit. Headline revenue measure: Cukai Makmur ('prosperity tax'), a one-off 33% corporate income tax rate on chargeable profits above RM100m for Year of Assessment 2022 only (24% below the threshold), raising ~RM3-4bn. Other measures: extension of wage-subsidy programmes, Bantuan Keluarga Malaysia RM8bn cash envelope, removal of foreign-source-income tax exemption (subsequently deferred for individuals), and reopening fiscal support across aviation and tourism. Primary criticism from business community and credit analysts: ad-hoc one-off tax signalled tax-policy instability.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.