Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Direction of monetary-base expansion decisions relative to trend. Separate from fiscal.transfer_expansion even when correlated.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Beginning with i-Lestari (April 2020) and followed by i-Sinar (December 2020) and i-Citra (July 2021), Malaysia's Employees Provident Fund (EPF) permitted members to withdraw a portion of their retirement savings to cushion pandemic-era income losses. Withdrawals collectively exceeded RM 100 billion across the schemes, providing liquidity to households without expanding the federal-government deficit but depleting long-run retirement balances for many lower-income members.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.