Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
RM150bn National People's Well-Being and Economic Recovery Package (PEMULIH), announced 28 Jun 2021 under Muhyiddin and extended under Ismail Sabri's 'Keluarga Malaysia' framing. Components included Bantuan Keluarga Malaysia cash transfers (RM4.6bn direct outlay to ~9.3m households), wage-subsidy extension, SME financing moratorium continuation, EPF i-Citra withdrawal authorisation (Jul-Dec 2021, ~RM30bn drawn), bulk-electricity rebates, and RM10bn new direct fiscal injection. Last of the six pandemic-response packages totalling ~RM530bn gross / ~RM83bn direct outlay across 2020-2021.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.