Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Consumption-based electricity-bill transfer reimbursing households for spot-price increments above a threshold (initially 70 øre/kWh, later adjusted) at a staged reimbursement rate (initially 55%, raised to 80% then 90% through 2022-2024) up to a monthly consumption cap. Launched December 2021 as Nord Pool prices surged ahead of the Russia-Ukraine shock; successively extended through 2022-2024. Funded from the ordinary state budget with implicit offset via elevated petroleum and resource-rent tax receipts and via the transmission-surplus (flaskehalsinntekter) revenue pool.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.