General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Direction of monetary-base expansion decisions relative to trend. Separate from fiscal.transfer_expansion even when correlated.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
RMB 4 trillion (~USD 586bn, ~12.5% of 2008 GDP) two-year counter- cyclical fiscal package announced by the State Council on 9 November 2008 in response to the global financial crisis. Core channels: railway / highway / airport infrastructure (~37%), post-earthquake reconstruction (~25%), affordable housing, rural infrastructure, environment, and technology upgrading. Funded via a combination of central-government bonds, SOE investment, and — critically — local-government-financing-vehicle (LGFV) debt raised from state banks against land-use collateral. Drove credit-to-GDP from ~120% (2008) to ~170% (2012). Most commonly-cited textbook case of large-scale state-bank-mediated counter-cyclical response; also the structural origin of the local-government-debt overhang that constrains Xi-era policy space.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.