General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Constitutional amendment (Art. 109, 115 GG) exempting federal defence, civil-protection, intelligence-service, and support-for-Ukraine outlays above 1% of GDP from the structural-deficit limit of the Schuldenbremse. Passed 18 March 2025 alongside the EUR 500bn infrastructure Sondervermögen by the outgoing 20th Bundestag (where the two-thirds majority still existed) rather than the newly elected 21st Bundestag (where AfD + Linke blocking minority would have foreclosed it). Coded as the most consequential fiscal-rule change since the 2009 debt brake itself.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.