General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Constitutional amendment (18 March 2025) passed by the outgoing Bundestag with CDU/CSU + SPD + Green support, creating a EUR 500bn off-balance special-purpose fund over twelve years for federal and Länder infrastructure investment, of which EUR 100bn earmarked for climate-neutrality measures (Green coalition condition) and EUR 100bn for Länder-level capex. Complements the concurrent constitutional carve-out exempting defence spending above 1% of GDP from the debt brake. Largest single debt-financed investment commitment in post- war German fiscal history.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.