Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Constitutional amendments approved by parliament 16 April 2019 and ratified by referendum 22 April 2019 (88.83% yes on ~44% turnout). Extended presidential terms from four to six years, granted Sisi a transitional article allowing him to stand for two further terms until 2030, strengthened the presidency's role in judicial appointments (including the Supreme Constitutional Court president and the public prosecutor), formalised the armed forces' role as "guardian of the constitution and democracy", and restored the appointed upper house (Senate).
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.