General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Multi-year rural-upgrading programme launched January 2019 and formalised as a presidential initiative July 2019, targeting ~4,500 villages housing ~58m inhabitants. Covers drinking water, sewerage, housing replacement of informal units, schools, health units, natural-gas connections, and roads. Headline budget ~700bn EGP over the first phase (2021-2024), executed primarily by Armed Forces Engineering Authority contractors and state agencies, with financing from state banks, the Long Live Egypt Fund, and IFI co-financing (World Bank, AIIB, AfDB).
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.