Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Constitutional amendment adding Article 49A creating automatic vacation of a Dewan Rakyat seat when a member resigns from or is expelled by the party on whose ticket they were elected, requiring a by-election. Negotiated under the September 2021 Memorandum of Understanding on Transformation and Political Stability between Ismail Sabri's UMNO-BN government and the Pakatan Harapan opposition; passed with the required two-thirds supermajority by 209 votes to 11 on 28 July 2022 and gazetted 5 October 2022. Structural response to the 'Sheraton Move' (Feb 2020) that toppled the PH government via intra-legislative defection and enabled the Muhyiddin PN administration.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.