Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Rutte IV compensation programme for the childcare-benefit scandal. The Uitvoeringsorganisatie Herstel Toeslagen (UHT) paid an initial EUR 30,000 per qualifying family plus case-by-case compensation for material and immaterial damages, debt remission, and a separate scheme for affected children. ~62,000 households registered; envelope grew to well above EUR 5bn. Execution was slow — by 2024 a majority of integral assessments remained incomplete, prompting multiple parliamentary debates and NSC demands in 2024 coalition negotiations.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.