Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
The Economic Reforms Order 1972, issued by the Bhutto government on 2 January 1972, nationalised 31 large industrial units across ten basic-goods sectors — iron and steel, basic metals, heavy engineering, heavy electricals, motor vehicle assembly, tractor plants, heavy and basic chemicals, petrochemicals, cement, and public utilities — without compensation valued at market rates. Management was vested in newly created Boards of Industrial Management. The intended effect was to redirect the "commanding heights" of industry to state ownership, redistribute economic power away from concentrated business families, and harness scale industries for planned development.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.