Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Two waves of land reform under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's PPP government (Land Reforms Regulation 1972 and the 1977 amendments) lowered statutory ceilings on individual landholdings, expropriated above-ceiling acreage from large zamindars, and redistributed plots to tenants and small cultivators. Implementation was uneven — exemptions, intra-family transfers, and weak enforcement blunted redistribution — but the reforms reshaped rural property rights and accompanied broader nationalisations of industry and finance.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.