Policies·ph_carp_agrarian_reform_1988

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme — CARP (Philippines 1988)

PHL·1988 – 1998·enacted 1988-06-10·Transition / Laban-PDPcandidate

movesproperty rights↓transfer expansion↑

What the policy did

Republic Act 6657 signed 10 Jun 1988 launched the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme: compulsory acquisition of agricultural lands >5 ha for redistribution to landless tenants, with government Land Bank compensation. Initial 10-year window extended by CARPER (RA 9700) in 2009 to 2014. By 2014 had distributed ~4.8M ha to ~2.7M beneficiaries. Implementation slow and litigious — Hacienda Luisita (Aquino family) delayed until 2012 Supreme Court ruling.

Policy-content fingerprint — what this policy moved, on which axes

Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.

intended

↓

property rights

institutional.property_rights

Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.

decreased · strong

weaker property rights

Compulsory acquisition of large landholdings with below-market Land Bank compensation; weakened property-rights protection for landholders.

↑

transfer expansion

fiscal.transfer_expansion

Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.

increased · moderate

larger transfer footprint

In-kind land transfer with support services constituted the largest welfare-style redistribution in Philippine history.

Enacted by

philippines_cory_aquino_transition_1986_1992

Empirical evidence — linked hypotheses

Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".

Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP, 2000-2002) combined with Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe deficit monetisation produced a canonical institutional and economic collapse 2000-2009 that manifests as >=7 of 10 pre-registered extreme-outcome metrics, each drawn from an independent data source and measuring a different causal layer (agricultural-capacity destruction, monetary collapse, output contraction, human-capital flight, humanitarian stress).

zimbabwe_hyperinflation_land_reform_output_collapse_2000_2009inferred

viainstitutional.property_rightsfiscal.transfer_expansion

INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — no outcome variable loaded; missing: ['derived: count of canonical_metrics with threshold met']

run pending

Venezuela's post-1999 socialist policy regime (Chávez 1999-2013 + Maduro 2013-present, characterised by FX controls, price controls, mass nationalisations, PDVSA politicisation, and 2014+ monetary financing of fiscal deficits) produced a canonical institutional and economic collapse that manifests as ≥7 of 10 pre-registered extreme-outcome metrics, each drawn from an independent data source and measuring a different causal layer.

venezuela_chavismo_canonical_case_multi_metricinferred

viainstitutional.property_rightsfiscal.transfer_expansion

INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — no outcome variable loaded; missing: ['derived: count of canonical_metrics with threshold met']

run pending

Starting from comparable 1945 post-war conditions — same ethnicity, language, pre-war German institutional and industrial inheritance, and with the GDR inheriting a larger share of pre-war industrial capital in Saxony and Thuringia — the Federal Republic's Soziale Marktwirtschaft (Ordoliberal market economy with welfare state) versus the German Democratic Republic's planned economy with administered prices, state-enterprise production, and soft budget constraints produced by 1989 a canonical divergence that pattern-matches >=7 of 10 pre-registered extreme-outcome metrics, each drawn from a different publisher or methodology family.

west_east_germany_economic_system_divergence_1950_1989inferred

viainstitutional.property_rights

INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — no outcome variable loaded; missing: ['derived: count of canonical_metrics with threshold met']

run pending

Zimbabwean property-rights deterioration post-2000 (commercial-farm expropriation without compensation) precedes hyperinflation and output collapse; institutional mechanism is necessary, not merely monetary.

zimbabwe_property_rights_output_linkinferred

viainstitutional.property_rights

INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING

run pending

UK post-1945 Attlee reforms (NHS, nationalisation of coal/rail/steel, expanded public housing) delivered measurable improvements in life expectancy and child mortality without undermining subsequent 1950s-1960s growth.

uk_attlee_reforms_output_health_outcomesinferred

viafiscal.transfer_expansioninstitutional.property_rights

refuted — Only 0 of 3 primaries hold. Failed: life-expectancy, infant-mortality, 1950s growth. UK 1950s growth +1.69%/yr; LE gain +3.29y (peer-mean +4.45y); IMR…

refuted

Bolivia's 2006-2019 Morales-MAS era (May 2006 hydrocarbons nationalisation, renegotiated gas-export contracts with Brazil and Argentina, expansion of cash-transfer programmes Bono Juancito Pinto and Renta Dignidad, fixed-currency-peg-style stabilisation, large social investment) produced a measurable poverty-reduction and growth record relative to a Latin American resource-dependent peer pool.

bolivia_morales_resource_nationalism_2006_2019inferred

viafiscal.transfer_expansioninstitutional.property_rights

PARTIAL — mean_gap=-1.048, |gap|/pre_sd=25, p_perm=0.25 (gap below 0.5×pre_sd or placebo p≥0.10)

partial

From a comparable (arguably DPRK-favoured) 1953 armistice starting point — same ethnicity, language, pre-colonial institutional inheritance, and a Japanese colonial industrial capital stock disproportionately located in the North — the Republic of Korea's market economy with state-directed industrial policy and export discipline, versus the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's autarkic central planning under Juche, produced by 2023 a canonical divergence that pattern-matches >=7 of 10 pre-registered extreme-outcome metrics, each drawn from a different publisher or methodology family.

north_south_korea_development_divergence_1953_presentinferred

viainstitutional.property_rightsfiscal.transfer_expansion

INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — no outcome variable loaded; missing: ['derived: count of canonical_metrics with threshold met']

run pending

If Cuba's socialist health-system superiority story really travels beyond a friendly regional pool, Cuba should remain at least mid-pack against a small advanced-market subgroup of non-socialist health performers by 2000; if it ranks near the bottom even after adjusting expectations for lower income, the universal version of the Marxist-Leninist claim is overstated.

cuba_health_outcomes_vs_advanced_market_peersinferred

viafiscal.transfer_expansioninstitutional.property_rights

REFUTED — Cuba does not clear the advanced cutoff in the 7-country advanced-market subgroup. Ranks: LE #6/7, IMR #7/7, income #7/7; mean-health-vs-income gap 0.…

refuted

Similar historical policies

Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.

Decree No. 8 Land Reform and Debt Cancellation

AFG·1978

match

1.7

property rightstransfer expansion

Three 10% AFP Pension Withdrawals (Chile 2020-2021)

CHL·2020

match

1.7

property rightstransfer expansion

Common Prosperity (共同富裕) Programme 2021

CHN·2021