Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Three legislated one-off 10% withdrawals from individual AFP pension accounts enacted during the Covid-19 pandemic under the Piñera II government, against the stated position of the executive and the Banco Central: first retiro (Ley 21.248, July 2020), second retiro (Ley 21.295, December 2020), third retiro (Ley 21.330, April 2021). Cumulative drawdowns reached ~USD 50 bn, equivalent to ~15% of AFP system assets, with macro effects on peso depreciation, long-rate pricing, and domestic-capital- market depth. A fourth-retiro constitutional reform failed in 2021. The episode is independently material in that it restructured the de facto property-rights status of mandatory- savings balances and is coded here as policy content regardless of the coalition that passed it.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.