Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Emergency freeze of all resident and non-resident foreign- currency deposits held in Pakistani banks imposed 28 May 1998 immediately after Chagai nuclear tests. Total affected ~$11bn deposits held mostly by overseas Pakistanis in US dollar, UK sterling, yen, German mark accounts. Deposits converted to Pakistani rupees at official exchange rate (markedly below unofficial market rate). Some withdrawals permitted in rupees. Later partial restoration of deposits with interest via special bonds 2001-2007 under Musharraf's Shaukat Aziz. Canonical case of modern emerging-market depositor expropriation; destroyed Pakistani banking credibility for decade-plus; overseas- Pakistani remittance flows temporarily redirected to informal hawala channels.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.