Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Markup-subsidy scheme for low-cost housing targeting construction of 5 million housing units. SBP directive to commercial banks requiring 5% of net portfolio allocation to housing by December 2021; subsidised interest rates 5% for first-tier units and 7% for second-tier units with government absorbing the spread above KIBOR. Accompanied by a construction-sector fiscal package April 2020 with tax-amnesty components to channel informal capital into documented real-estate. Execution fell well short of the 5m unit target; mortgage-to-GDP ratio rose modestly from a low base.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.