Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Series of statutes restructuring the Polish judiciary under the Morawiecki PiS government. Core measures: (i) Supreme Court Act 8 December 2017 lowering retirement age for sitting justices from 70 to 65 (subsequently halted by CJEU interim order June 2018 and reversed by statute Nov 2018); (ii) new National Council of the Judiciary (KRS) composition law December 2017 transferring judicial-member selection from judges to the Sejm — triggering CJEU findings on judicial independence; (iii) establishment of the Supreme Court Disciplinary Chamber and Extraordinary Review Chamber; (iv) 'muzzle law' (ustawa kagańcowa) December 2019 creating disciplinary liability for judges who question the legitimacy of judicial appointments; (v) series of CJEU judgments 2019-2021 (C-619/18, C-791/19, C-204/21) finding breaches of Article 19(1) TEU. EU Commission Article 7(1) TEU rule-of-law procedure launched December 2017; EU Recovery and Resilience Facility disbursements frozen on rule-of-law grounds 2022-2024.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.