Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Comprehensive free-trade agreement between Canada and the European Union negotiated under the Harper government. Negotiations launched May 2009; agreement in principle reached 18 October 2013; text concluded and signed 26 September 2014 in Ottawa; signed as finalised treaty 30 October 2016 under the Trudeau government after legal scrubbing; provisionally applied from 21 September 2017 after European Parliament consent February 2017. CETA eliminated tariffs on 98%+ of traded goods at entry into force, opened Canadian sub-federal procurement to EU suppliers, protected geographical indications, and established an Investment Court System (replacing conventional ISDS). Excluded cultural-industry carve-outs and dairy supply management (with limited EU cheese quota expansion). Canada's first major trade agreement with a developed-economy bloc other than the US, part of the government's explicit trade- diversification strategy post-2008.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.