Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Zairianisation transferred many foreign-owned farms, plantations, shops, and enterprises to Zairean nationals, often regime insiders, as part of Mobutu's authenticity and economic-nationalism campaign. Subsequent retrocession partially reversed the policy, but the episode sharply damaged investor confidence, managerial capacity, and security of ownership.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.