Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
The Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme launched in May 1991 under IMF and World Bank agreements unified the exchange rate, lifted price controls on most goods, slashed the budget deficit from over 15% to roughly 3% of GDP within five years, opened the foreign- trade and current-account regime, and authorised privatisation of state enterprises under Public Enterprise Law 203 of 1991. Combined with US Paris Club debt relief, ERSAP defined Egypt's stabilisation phase under Mubarak.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.