Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Pension reform embedded in D.L. 201/2011 under Labour Minister Elsa Fornero. Key measures: accelerated transition of all workers to the contributions-based (contributivo) calculation from 2012 prospectively; standard retirement age raised and harmonised to 66y3m men/66y (public) and 62y women private phased to 66y10m by 2018; minimum contribution requirement 42y for men / 41y women for 'anzianità'; cost-of-living indexation frozen for pensions 3x minimum and above in 2012-2013. Long-run PV savings estimated at €80bn+. Created 'esodati' cohort (early-retirees caught by new rules without bridging incomes) requiring successive remediation measures.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.