General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Finance Minister Paul Martin's 1995 budget launched Canada's fiscal turnaround. Federal program spending cut ~19% in real terms over three years (from 16.8% of GDP to 11.3%). Measures: civil-service downsizing (45k positions), Canada Health and Social Transfer block grant replacing cost-sharing (reducing federal health transfer to provinces), Crown-corporation privatisations (CN Rail 1995, NAV CANADA 1996), unemployment insurance → Employment Insurance reform with reduced benefit duration + stricter eligibility, Canada Pension Plan sustainability reform 1997 (higher contributions, CPP Investment Board established). Federal debt-to-GDP ratio peaked around 68% in 1995-96 and fell below 30% by 2008. Canonical developed-country fiscal consolidation success.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.