Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Tax-compliance and evasion crackdown under Finance Minister Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa: expanded electronic communication between Agenzia delle Entrate and banks/land registry, restrictions on cash transactions above €5,000 then €1,000, mandatory electronic payments for freelancer fees, reformed studi di settore sectoral revenue presumptions, and revocation of certain condono fiscali (tax amnesties) of the Berlusconi II-III period. Produced ~€19bn revenue over-performance in 2007 vs budget forecast — rare direct evidence of compliance responsiveness to enforcement intensity.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.