General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Norway's central-bank reform of 29 March 2001, set in the Royal Decree on inflation targeting and amendments to the Norges Bank Act, gave Norges Bank explicit operational independence to set policy rates targeting 2.5% CPI inflation (revised to 2% in 2018), with the Ministry of Finance retaining only ultimate accountability. Combined with the simultaneous handlingsregel fiscal rule, the intended effect was to consolidate a credible monetary-fiscal framework distinguishing oil-revenue management from short-run macroeconomic policy.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.