General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
IMF Extended Fund Facility of $7bn over 37 months, approved by the IMF Executive Board on 25 September 2024. Pakistan's 24th IMF programme. Structural conditionality covers: agriculture-income- tax provincial harmonisation (previously exempted under constitutional provincial jurisdiction); SOE divestment via the Sovereign Wealth Fund framework (PIA, DISCOs, gas-utility corporatisation); FX-regime interbank functioning and end of informal rationing; power-sector cost-recovery through continued tariff pass-through and captive-power levelling; direct-tax base expansion toward a 13.5% tax-to-GDP target over programme horizon. Primary-balance surplus achieved FY24 (first in nearly two decades) supported front-loading of tranches; policy-rate cut cycle tracked disinflation from ~38% peak to ~5% yoy early 2025.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.