General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
The Magalhães programme, launched under the Sócrates government's e-Escola/e.escolinha digital-inclusion initiative, distributed subsidised "Magalhães" laptops (a Classmate PC variant produced by Intel/JP Sá Couto) to primary-school pupils. Funded via a public-private model with operator-subsidised pricing, it aimed to raise digital literacy and ICT exposure across Portuguese households.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.