General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Canada's response to the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, announced in Budget 2009 (27 January 2009). The Economic Action Plan provided roughly C$47B of federal stimulus over two years (plus ~C$15B from provinces), equivalent to about 2.5% of GDP. Measures included Infrastructure Stimulus Fund and Building Canada Fund top-ups (roads, transit, water, broadband), a Home Renovation Tax Credit (HRTC) in 2009 only, accelerated capital cost allowance for manufacturing equipment, Knowledge Infrastructure Program for universities and colleges, expanded Employment Insurance benefit duration and Working While on Claim pilots, targeted support for the auto sector (C$13.7B joint federal-Ontario bailout of GM and Chrysler), and the Home Buyers' Plan withdrawal limit increase. Deficit widened to C$55.6B in fiscal 2009-10 before declining. Federal debt-to-GDP rose from 28.2% (2007-08) to 33.4% (2011-12).
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.